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                    快速上手
            
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                    基础类型
            
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                    接口
            
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                    类
            
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                    函数
            
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                    泛型
            
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                    枚举
            
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                    类型推论
            
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                    类型兼容性
            
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                    高级类型
            
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                    实用工具类型
            
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                    Symbols
            
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                    Iterators 和 Generators
            
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                    模块
            
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                    命名空间
            
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                    命名空间和模块
            
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                    模块解析
            
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                    声明合并
            
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                    书写.d.ts文件
            
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                    JSX
            
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                    Decorators
            
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                    混入
            
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                    三斜线指令
            
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                    JavaScript文件里的类型检查
            
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                    如何书写声明文件
            
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                    结构
            
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                    规范
            
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                    举例
            
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                    深入
            
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                    发布
            
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                    使用
            
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                    工程配置
            
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                    tsconfig.json
            
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                    工程引用
            
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                    NPM包的类型
            
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                    编译选项
            
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                    配置 Watch
            
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                    在MSBuild里使用编译选项
            
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                    与其它构建工具整合
            
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                    使用TypeScript的每日构建版本
            
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                    Wiki
            
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                    TypeScript里的this
            
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                    编码规范
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../wiki/Common Errors.html">
            
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                    常见编译错误
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../wiki/TypeScript-Editor-Support.html">
            
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                    支持TypeScript的编辑器
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="../wiki/Using-TypeScript-With-ASP.NET-5.html">
            
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                    结合ASP.NET v5使用TypeScript
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.6" data-path="../wiki/Architectural-Overview.html">
            
                <a href="../wiki/Architectural-Overview.html">
            
                    
                    架构概述
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.7" data-path="../wiki/Roadmap.html">
            
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                    发展路线图
            
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            </ul>
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="./">
            
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                    新增功能
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="TypeScript 3.1.html">
            
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                    TypeScript 3.1
            
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                    TypeScript 3.0
            
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                    TypeScript 2.9
            
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                    TypeScript 2.8
            
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                    TypeScript 2.7
            
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                    TypeScript 2.6
            
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                    TypeScript 2.5
            
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                    TypeScript 2.4
            
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                    TypeScript 2.3
            
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                    TypeScript 2.2
            
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                    TypeScript 2.1
            
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                    TypeScript 2.0
            
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                    TypeScript 1.8
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.14" data-path="TypeScript 1.7.html">
            
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                    TypeScript 1.7
            
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                    TypeScript 1.6
            
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                    TypeScript 1.5
            
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                    TypeScript 1.4
            
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                    TypeScript 1.3
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.19" data-path="TypeScript 1.1.html">
            
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                    TypeScript 1.1
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="../breaking-changes/breaking-changes.html">
            
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                    Breaking Changes
            
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                    TypeScript 2.4
            
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                    TypeScript 2.3
            
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                    TypeScript 2.2
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="../breaking-changes/TypeScript 2.1.html">
            
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                    TypeScript 2.1
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.5" data-path="../breaking-changes/TypeScript 2.0.html">
            
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                    TypeScript 2.0
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.6" data-path="../breaking-changes/TypeScript 1.8.html">
            
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                    TypeScript 1.8
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.7" data-path="../breaking-changes/TypeScript 1.7.html">
            
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                    TypeScript 1.7
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.8" data-path="../breaking-changes/TypeScript 1.6.html">
            
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                    TypeScript 1.6
            
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        <a href="../.." >TypeScript 3.0</a>
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                                <section class="normal markdown-section">
                                
                                <h1 id="typescript-30">TypeScript 3.0</h1>
<h2 id="&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#x5F15;&#x7528;">&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#x5F15;&#x7528;</h2>
<p>TypeScript 3.0 &#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EB;&#x505A;&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65B0;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x3002;&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;TypeScript&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E8E;&#x5176;&#x5B83;TypeScript&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B; - &#x7279;&#x522B;&#x8981;&#x63D0;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;<code>tsconfig.json</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x5176;&#x5B83;<code>tsconfig.json</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x6307;&#x660E;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x5730;&#x5C06;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5206;&#x5272;&#x6210;&#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x7684;&#x5C0F;&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x52A9;&#x4E8E;TypeScript&#xFF08;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x5468;&#x8FB9;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#xFF09;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x548C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x3002;</p>
<p>TypeScript 3.0 &#x8FD8;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x65B0;&#x7684;<code>tsc</code>&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;<code>--build</code>&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4E0E;&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x8FD0;&#x7528;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x52A0;&#x901F;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;TypeScript&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x8BE6;&#x60C5;&#x8BF7;&#x9605;&#x8BFB;<a href="../handbook/Project%20References.md">&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x624B;&#x518C;</a>&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;">&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;</h2>
<p>TypeScript 3.0 &#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4EE5;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E0E;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4EA4;&#x4E92;&#x7684;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x3002;
&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#rest-parameters-with-tuple-types">&#x5C06;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x4E3A;&#x79BB;&#x6563;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</a></li>
<li><a href="#spread-expressions-with-tuple-types">&#x5C06;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x4E3A;&#x79BB;&#x6563;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</a></li>
<li><a href="#generic-rest-parameters">&#x6CDB;&#x578B;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;</a></li>
<li><a href="#optional-elements-in-tuple-types">&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x5143;&#x7D20;</a></li>
<li><a href="#rest-elements-in-tuple-types">&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x5143;&#x7D20;</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6709;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x4FBF;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5C06;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x9636;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53D8;&#x4E3A;&#x5F3A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x5E26;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;"><a name="rest-parameters-with-tuple-types"></a>&#x5E26;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</h3>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x88AB;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x4E3A;&#x79BB;&#x6563;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x3002;
&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x4EF7;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-ts"><span class="hljs-keyword">declare</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">foo</span>(<span class="hljs-params">...args: [<span class="hljs-built_in">number</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">boolean</span>]</span>): <span class="hljs-title">void</span></span>;
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="lang-ts"><span class="hljs-keyword">declare</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">foo</span>(<span class="hljs-params">args_0: <span class="hljs-built_in">number</span>, args_1: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>, args_2: <span class="hljs-built_in">boolean</span></span>): <span class="hljs-title">void</span></span>;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;"><a name="spread-expressions-with-tuple-types"></a>&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;</h3>
<p>&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x82E5;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x76F8;&#x5F53;&#x4E8E;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x79BB;&#x6563;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x4EF7;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-ts"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> args: [<span class="hljs-built_in">number</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">boolean</span>] = [<span class="hljs-number">42</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>];
foo(<span class="hljs-number">42</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>);
foo(args[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], args[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], args[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]);
foo(...args);
</code></pre>
<h3 id="&#x6CDB;&#x578B;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;"><a name="generic-rest-parameters"></a>&#x6CDB;&#x578B;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</h3>
<p>&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x6CDB;&#x578B;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6CDB;&#x578B;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x88AB;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x4E3A;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x8FD9;&#x7C7B;&#x6CDB;&#x578B;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x9AD8;&#x9636;&#x6355;&#x83B7;&#x548C;&#x5C55;&#x5F00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;:</p>
<h4 id="&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;">&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;</h4>
<pre><code class="lang-ts">declare function bind&lt;T, U extends any[], V&gt;(f: (x: T, ...args: U) =&gt; V, x: T): (...args: U) =&gt; V;

declare function f3(x: number, y: string, z: boolean): void;

const f2 = bind(f3, 42);  // (y: string, z: boolean) =&gt; void
const f1 = bind(f2, &quot;hello&quot;);  // (z: boolean) =&gt; void
const f0 = bind(f1, true);  // () =&gt; void

f3(42, &quot;hello&quot;, true);
f2(&quot;hello&quot;, true);
f1(true);
f0();
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0A;&#x4F8B;&#x7684;<code>f2</code>&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x51FA;<code>number</code>&#xFF0C;<code>[string, boolean]</code>&#x548C;<code>void</code>&#x505A;&#x4E3A;<code>T</code>&#xFF0C;<code>U</code>&#x548C;<code>V</code>&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x662F;&#x4ECE;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x53C8;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x6210;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;<code>U</code>&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x539F;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x7528;&#x5728;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x4E2D;&#xFF08;&#x7136;&#x800C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x8BED;&#x4E49;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x4E14;&#x662F;&#x5BDF;&#x89C9;&#x4E0D;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x5143;&#x7D20;"><a name="optional-elements-in-tuple-types"></a>&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x5143;&#x7D20;</h3>
<p>&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5728;&#x5176;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E0A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>?</code>&#x540E;&#x7F00;&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<h4 id="&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;">&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;</h4>
<pre><code class="lang-ts"><span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> t: [<span class="hljs-built_in">number</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>?, <span class="hljs-built_in">boolean</span>?];
t = [<span class="hljs-number">42</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>];
t = [<span class="hljs-number">42</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>];
t = [<span class="hljs-number">42</span>];
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;<code>--strictNullChecks</code>&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;<code>?</code>&#x4FEE;&#x9970;&#x7B26;&#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5730;&#x5728;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;<code>undefined</code>&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E0A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>?</code>&#x540E;&#x7F00;&#x4FEE;&#x9970;&#x7B26;&#x6765;&#x628A;&#x5B83;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#x4E3A;&#x53EF;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x5B83;&#x53F3;&#x4FA7;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x4E5F;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x4E86;<code>?</code>&#x4FEE;&#x9970;&#x7B26;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x4E3A;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6E90;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5728;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x91CC;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;<code>length</code>&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x662F;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#x5B57;&#x9762;&#x91CF;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x8054;&#x5408;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;
&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;<code>[number, string?, boolean?]</code>&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;<code>length</code>&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x662F;<code>1 | 2 | 3</code>&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x5143;&#x7D20;"><a name="rest-elements-in-tuple-types"></a>&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x5143;&#x7D20;</h3>
<p>&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x91CC;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#xFF0C;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x4E3A;<code>...X</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;<code>X</code>&#x662F;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;
&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x4EE3;&#x8868;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x662F;&#x5F00;&#x653E;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6709;&#x96F6;&#x4E2A;&#x6216;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x3002;
&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;<code>[number, ...string[]]</code>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>number</code>&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x548C;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x6570;&#x91CF;<code>string</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;</p>
<h4 id="&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;">&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;</h4>
<pre><code class="lang-ts">function tuple&lt;T extends any[]&gt;(...args: T): T {
    return args;
}

const numbers: number[] = getArrayOfNumbers();
const t1 = tuple(&quot;foo&quot;, 1, true);  // [string, number, boolean]
const t2 = tuple(&quot;bar&quot;, ...numbers);  // [string, ...number[]]
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;<code>length</code>&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x662F;<code>number</code>&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x65B0;&#x7684;unknown&#x7C7B;&#x578B;">&#x65B0;&#x7684;<code>unknown</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;</h2>
<p>TypeScript 3.0&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9876;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;<code>unknown</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;
&#x5BF9;&#x7167;&#x4E8E;<code>any</code>&#xFF0C;<code>unknown</code>&#x662F;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#x3002;
&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x503C;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8D4B;&#x7ED9;<code>unknown</code>&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5F53;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x6216;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x6D41;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7EC6;&#x5316;&#x65F6;<code>unknown</code>&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8D4B;&#x503C;&#x7ED9;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x5B83;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x548C;<code>any</code>&#x5916;&#x3002;
&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x5730;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;<code>unknown</code>&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x88AB;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x6216;&#x7EC6;&#x5316;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x786E;&#x5207;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x5728;&#x5176;&#x4E0A;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;">&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;</h3>
<pre><code class="lang-ts"><span class="hljs-comment">// In an intersection everything absorbs unknown</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T00 = unknown &amp; <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// null</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T01 = unknown &amp; <span class="hljs-literal">undefined</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// undefined</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T02 = unknown &amp; <span class="hljs-literal">null</span> &amp; <span class="hljs-literal">undefined</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// null &amp; undefined (which becomes never)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T03 = unknown &amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// string</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T04 = unknown &amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>[];  <span class="hljs-comment">// string[]</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T05 = unknown &amp; unknown;  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T06 = unknown &amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">any</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// any</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// In a union an unknown absorbs everything</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T10 = unknown | <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T11 = unknown | <span class="hljs-literal">undefined</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T12 = unknown | <span class="hljs-literal">null</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">undefined</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T13 = unknown | <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T14 = unknown | <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>[];  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T15 = unknown | unknown;  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T16 = unknown | <span class="hljs-built_in">any</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// any</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// Type variable and unknown in union and intersection</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T20&lt;T&gt; = T &amp; {};  <span class="hljs-comment">// T &amp; {}</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T21&lt;T&gt; = T | {};  <span class="hljs-comment">// T | {}</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T22&lt;T&gt; = T &amp; unknown;  <span class="hljs-comment">// T</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T23&lt;T&gt; = T | unknown;  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// unknown in conditional types</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T30&lt;T&gt; = unknown extends T ? <span class="hljs-literal">true</span> : <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Deferred</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T31&lt;T&gt; = T extends unknown ? <span class="hljs-literal">true</span> : <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Deferred (so it distributes)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T32&lt;T&gt; = never extends T ? <span class="hljs-literal">true</span> : <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T33&lt;T&gt; = T extends never ? <span class="hljs-literal">true</span> : <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Deferred</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// keyof unknown</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T40 = keyof <span class="hljs-built_in">any</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// string | number | symbol</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T41 = keyof unknown;  <span class="hljs-comment">// never</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// Only equality operators are allowed with unknown</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f10</span>(<span class="hljs-params">x: unknown</span>) </span>{
    x == <span class="hljs-number">5</span>;
    x !== <span class="hljs-number">10</span>;
    x &gt;= <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    x + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    x * <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    -x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    +x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// No property accesses, element accesses, or function calls</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f11</span>(<span class="hljs-params">x: unknown</span>) </span>{
    x.foo;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    x[<span class="hljs-number">5</span>];  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    x();  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> x();  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// typeof, instanceof, and user defined type predicates</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">declare</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">isFunction</span>(<span class="hljs-params">x: unknown</span>): <span class="hljs-title">x</span> <span class="hljs-title">is</span> <span class="hljs-title">Function</span></span>;

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f20</span>(<span class="hljs-params">x: unknown</span>) </span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">typeof</span> x === <span class="hljs-string">&quot;string&quot;</span> || <span class="hljs-keyword">typeof</span> x === <span class="hljs-string">&quot;number&quot;</span>) {
        x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// string | number</span>
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (x <span class="hljs-keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">Error</span>) {
        x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (isFunction(x)) {
        x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Function</span>
    }
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Homomorphic mapped type over unknown</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T50&lt;T&gt; = { [P <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> keyof T]: <span class="hljs-built_in">number</span> };
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T51 = T50&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">any</span>&gt;;  <span class="hljs-comment">// { [x: string]: number }</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> T52 = T50&lt;unknown&gt;;  <span class="hljs-comment">// {}</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">// Anything is assignable to unknown</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f21</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-title">T</span>&gt;(<span class="hljs-params">pAny: <span class="hljs-built_in">any</span>, pNever: never, pT: T</span>) </span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> x: unknown;
    x = <span class="hljs-number">123</span>;
    x = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>;
    x = [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>];
    x = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">Error</span>();
    x = x;
    x = pAny;
    x = pNever;
    x = pT;
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// unknown assignable only to itself and any</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f22</span>(<span class="hljs-params">x: unknown</span>) </span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> v1: <span class="hljs-built_in">any</span> = x;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> v2: unknown = x;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> v3: object = x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> v4: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> = x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> v5: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>[] = x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> v6: {} = x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> v7: {} | <span class="hljs-literal">null</span> | <span class="hljs-literal">undefined</span> = x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Type parameter &apos;T extends unknown&apos; not related to object</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f23</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-title">T</span> <span class="hljs-title">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">unknown</span>&gt;(<span class="hljs-params">x: T</span>) </span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> y: object = x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Anything but primitive assignable to { [x: string]: unknown }</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f24</span>(<span class="hljs-params">x: { [x: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>]: unknown }</span>) </span>{
    x = {};
    x = { a: <span class="hljs-number">5</span> };
    x = [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>];
    x = <span class="hljs-number">123</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Locals of type unknown always considered initialized</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f25</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) </span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> x: unknown;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> y = x;
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Spread of unknown causes result to be unknown</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f26</span>(<span class="hljs-params">x: {}, y: unknown, z: <span class="hljs-built_in">any</span></span>) </span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> o1 = { a: <span class="hljs-number">42</span>, ...x };  <span class="hljs-comment">// { a: number }</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> o2 = { a: <span class="hljs-number">42</span>, ...x, ...y };  <span class="hljs-comment">// unknown</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> o3 = { a: <span class="hljs-number">42</span>, ...x, ...y, ...z };  <span class="hljs-comment">// any</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Functions with unknown return type don&apos;t need return expressions</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f27</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>): <span class="hljs-title">unknown</span> </span>{
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Rest type cannot be created from unknown</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">f28</span>(<span class="hljs-params">x: unknown</span>) </span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> { ...a } = x;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Class properties of type unknown don&apos;t need definite assignment</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> C1 {
    a: <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>;  <span class="hljs-comment">// Error</span>
    b: unknown;
    c: <span class="hljs-built_in">any</span>;
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x5728;jsx&#x91CC;&#x652F;&#x6301;defaultprops">&#x5728;JSX&#x91CC;&#x652F;&#x6301;<code>defaultProps</code></h2>
<p>TypeScript 2.9&#x548C;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E0D;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5728;JSX&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x91CC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<a href="https://reactjs.org/docs/typechecking-with-proptypes.html#default-prop-values" target="_blank">React&#x7684;<code>defaultProps</code></a>&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x3002;
&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x4E0D;&#x5C06;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E3A;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5728;<code>render</code>&#x91CC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x975E;<code>null</code>&#x7684;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x5728;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5BF9;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#x3002;</p>
<p>TypeScript 3.0&#x5728;<code>JSX</code>&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x91CC;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x522B;&#x540D;<code>LibraryManagedAttributes</code>&#x3002;
&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x52A9;&#x624B;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x5728;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;JSX&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5728;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;<code>Props</code>&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;&#xFF1B;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5B9A;&#x5236;&#xFF1A;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;<code>props</code>&#x4E0E;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;<code>props</code>&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x51B2;&#x7A81;&#xFF0C;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x6620;&#x5C04;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x6027;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5229;&#x7528;&#x5B83;&#x6765;&#x5904;&#x7406;React&#x7684;<code>defaultProps</code>&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;<code>propTypes</code>&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-tsx">export interface Props {
    name: string;
}

export class Greet extends React.Component&lt;Props&gt; {
    render() {
        const { name } = this.props;
        return &lt;div&gt;Hello ${name.toUpperCase()}!&lt;/div&gt;;
    }
    static defaultProps = { name: &quot;world&quot;};
}

// Type-checks! No type assertions needed!
let el = &lt;Greet /&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="&#x8BF4;&#x660E;">&#x8BF4;&#x660E;</h3>
<h4 id="defaultprops&#x7684;&#x786E;&#x5207;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;"><code>defaultProps</code>&#x7684;&#x786E;&#x5207;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;</h4>
<p>&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x662F;&#x4ECE;<code>defaultProps</code>&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x63A8;&#x65AD;&#x800C;&#x6765;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6CE8;&#x91CA;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;<code>static defaultProps: Partial&lt;Props&gt;;</code>&#xFF0C;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x8BC6;&#x522B;&#x54EA;&#x4E2A;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x503C;&#xFF08;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;<code>defaultProps</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;<code>Props</code>&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>static defaultProps: Pick&lt;Props, &quot;name&quot;&gt;;</code>&#x505A;&#x4E3A;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6CE8;&#x91CA;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4E0D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6CE8;&#x91CA;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x65E0;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5F0F;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#xFF08;SFCs&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;ES2015&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x5668;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-tsx">function Greet({ name = &quot;world&quot; }: Props) {
    return &lt;div&gt;Hello ${name.toUpperCase()}!&lt;/div&gt;;
}
</code></pre>
<h4 id="typesreact&#x7684;&#x6539;&#x52A8;"><code>@types/React</code>&#x7684;&#x6539;&#x52A8;</h4>
<p>&#x4ECD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5728;<code>@types/React</code>&#x91CC;<code>JSX</code>&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x4E0A;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;<code>LibraryManagedAttributes</code>&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="reference-lib-&#x6307;&#x4EE4;"><code>/// &lt;reference lib=&quot;...&quot; /&gt;</code>&#x6307;&#x4EE4;</h2>
<p>TypeScript&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x4E09;&#x659C;&#x7EBF;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#xFF08;<code>/// &lt;reference lib=&quot;name&quot; /&gt;</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5DF2;&#x77E5;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;<em>lib</em>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;<em>lib</em>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x548C;<em>tsconfig.json</em>&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x9009;&#x9879;<code>&quot;lib&quot;</code>&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>lib=&quot;es2015&quot;</code>&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;<code>lib=&quot;lib.es2015.d.ts&quot;</code>&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x4F60;&#x5199;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E8E;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;DOM APIs&#x6216;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;JS&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5982;<code>Symbol</code>&#x6216;<code>Iterable</code>&#xFF0C;&#x63A8;&#x8350;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E09;&#x659C;&#x7EBF;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x3002;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;<code>.d.ts</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x4E0D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x91CD;&#x8986;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;">&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;</h3>
<p>&#x5728;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x91CC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>/// &lt;reference lib=&quot;es2017.string&quot; /&gt;</code>&#x7B49;&#x540C;&#x4E8E;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;<code>--lib es2017.string</code>&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x9009;&#x9879;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-ts"><span class="hljs-comment">/// &lt;reference lib=&quot;es2017.string&quot; /&gt;</span>

<span class="hljs-string">&quot;foo&quot;</span>.padStart(<span class="hljs-number">4</span>);
</code></pre>

                                
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